This is a Windows system installed file with Windows File Protection (WFP) enabled.
wuaueng.dll has 35 known versions, the most recent one is 7.9.9600.17093 (winblue_gdr.140410-1503). The average file size is about 2.23 MB. It is an authenticode code-signed executable issued to Microsoft Corporation by the certification authority Microsoft Corporation. This is a .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) assembly.
If Windows Update or Automatic Updates is turned on, the latest version of the Windows Update Agent will be automatically downloaded and installed on your computer. If you go to Windows Update before it gets installed automatically, you will see a message to install the Windows Update Agent.
(Note, the behaviors below are for all versions of wuaueng.dll, select a unique version for details.)
United States installs about 51.19% of Windows Update Agent.